since china proposed the belt and road initiative (bri) in 2013, china and kazakhstan have stepped up their cooperation for greater regional development.
the china-europe freight trains through central asia, the china-kazakhstan horgos international frontier cooperation center, and the china-kazakhstan international logistics base in the eastern chinese port of lianyungang have all helped open the door to global markets for the central asian country.
the enhanced interconnectivity has also encouraged many chinese companies to invest in the country.
